Bitcoin has once again captured global attention, not just among retail investors and institutions—but also at the highest levels of government. As the flagship cryptocurrency surged past $100,000 in early 2025, breaking historical price barriers, a growing number of nations are exploring the idea of adding Bitcoin to their national reserves. This shift reflects a broader trend: digital assets are no longer fringe experiments but potential tools for economic resilience and monetary diversification.
While El Salvador remains the pioneer—having adopted Bitcoin as legal tender and steadily accumulated it since 2021—other countries are now seriously considering similar strategies. From legislative proposals in the United States and Brazil to political endorsements in Poland and Russia, the idea of a national Bitcoin reserve is gaining momentum across continents.
Let’s explore which countries are actively evaluating this bold financial move—and what it could mean for the future of global finance.
United States: Bipartisan Momentum Builds for a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve
In the U.S., support for a national Bitcoin reserve is emerging from both sides of the political aisle.
Senator Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming introduced the Bitcoin Act in spring 2024, proposing that the U.S. purchase up to 200,000 BTC over five years—approximately 5% of Bitcoin’s total supply. Under the plan, these holdings would be stored in a decentralized, secure network of Bitcoin vaults operated by the U.S. Treasury. Funding would come from diversifying existing Federal Reserve assets such as bonds, loans, and gold.
👉 Discover how governments could reshape financial systems with digital asset adoption.
The proposal gained further traction when President-elect Donald Trump voiced strong support during his speech at BTC 2024 in Nashville. He declared:
“It will be policy under my administration… to hold 100% of all Bitcoin currently held or acquired by the U.S. government into the future.”
This isn’t just federal-level interest—state governments are also acting. A Texas legislator recently introduced a bill to establish a state-level Bitcoin reserve with a minimum five-year holding period. Similarly, Pennsylvania saw a comparable proposal introduced in November 2024.
These developments signal a growing recognition: Bitcoin may serve as a hedge against inflation, currency devaluation, and overreliance on traditional financial instruments.
Brazil: Pushing Forward with RESBit Proposal
Brazil has entered the conversation with a concrete legislative framework.
On November 25, 2024, Federal Deputy Eros Biondini submitted a bill proposing the creation of the Reserva Estratégica Soberana de Bitcoin (RESBit)—a sovereign strategic Bitcoin reserve representing 5% of Brazil’s international reserves. The goal? To diversify the Treasury’s asset base and reduce exposure to foreign exchange volatility and geopolitical risks.
Under the proposal:
- The Central Bank of Brazil would collaborate with the Ministry of Finance to manage the reserve.
- All Bitcoin acquired would be stored in cold wallets for maximum security.
- Proceeds could potentially back Brazil’s central bank digital currency (CBDC), Drex.
Biondini emphasized that integrating Bitcoin into national finances could strengthen economic sovereignty:
“Holding Bitcoin in our treasury will lower Brazil’s vulnerability to currency swings and global political shifts.”
This forward-looking stance positions Brazil as one of the most proactive emerging-market economies in embracing digital asset innovation.
Poland: Presidential Candidate Champions Crypto-Friendly Reforms
In Poland, presidential hopeful Sławomir Mentzen has made headlines with his pro-Bitcoin platform.
Mentzen, a right-wing economist and politician, has publicly pledged to create a strategic national Bitcoin reserve if elected. On X (formerly Twitter), he stated:
“If I become President of Poland, our country will become a safe haven for crypto—with friendly regulations, low taxes, and supportive banks and regulators.”
He also called on Polish politicians to “look toward the future,” advocating for comprehensive legal reforms to attract blockchain investment and talent.
While Mentzen currently ranks third in national polls, his campaign has sparked debate about digital asset policy across the political spectrum. Even if he doesn’t win, his visibility may pressure other candidates to address cryptocurrency policy—a sign of maturing discourse around digital sovereignty and financial modernization in Eastern Europe.
Russia: Shifting Stance Opens Door for National Crypto Reserves
Russia’s position on cryptocurrency has evolved dramatically in recent years.
In December 2024, parliamentary representative Anton Tkachev proposed establishing a national Bitcoin reserve—marking a significant shift from earlier skepticism. Earlier that year, multiple lawmakers had suggested creating a “cryptocurrency treasury,” though the idea faced resistance from Anatoly Aksakov, head of the State Duma’s financial market committee.
Despite internal disagreements, progress continues:
- In autumn 2024, Russia passed legislation legalizing cryptocurrency mining.
- It also authorized the use of digital assets for international payments—opening doors for cross-border trade settlements in crypto.
These moves suggest Russia is reevaluating its monetary strategy amid ongoing sanctions and dollar dependency.
Notably, back in 2021, Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Pankin expressed openness to replacing part of Russia’s dollar-denominated reserves with alternative assets—including cryptocurrencies:
“We may replace the dollar with various national currencies—and in the future, perhaps some form of digital asset.”
With geopolitical tensions persisting, Bitcoin could emerge as a tool for financial de-dollarization and reserve diversification.
Japan: Quiet but Growing Institutional Interest
Japan, long known for its tech-savvy population and early crypto adoption, is now seeing institutional interest grow.
In December 2024, lawmaker Satoshi Hamada formally requested discussions within Japan’s Diet on establishing a national Bitcoin reserve. Though his party holds only two seats, he’s not alone in pushing for change.
Yuichiro Tamaki, leader of the Democratic Party for the People, advocated in October 2024 for tax reductions and regulatory reforms to support domestic crypto holders and businesses—indicating broader bipartisan openness.
Japan’s cautious yet progressive approach mirrors its historical balance between innovation and regulation. Given its history with digital finance and CBDC research, Japan could quietly become a key player in shaping how developed nations integrate Bitcoin into public finance.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: What is a national Bitcoin reserve?
A: A national Bitcoin reserve refers to a government holding Bitcoin as part of its official foreign exchange or sovereign wealth reserves—similar to how countries hold gold or U.S. dollars.
Q: Why would a country hold Bitcoin?
A: Governments may view Bitcoin as a hedge against inflation, currency devaluation, or overreliance on traditional fiat systems. Its limited supply (capped at 21 million) makes it an attractive store of value.
Q: Is holding Bitcoin risky for governments?
A: Yes—Bitcoin is volatile. However, many proponents argue that allocating a small percentage (e.g., 1–5%) can diversify risk without endangering fiscal stability.
Q: Can Bitcoin be used like regular money by governments?
A: Not widely yet. Most proposals focus on holding Bitcoin as an asset rather than using it for daily transactions—though El Salvador is testing both models.
Q: How do countries store Bitcoin safely?
A: Through cold storage solutions—offline wallets physically isolated from the internet—to protect against hacking and unauthorized access.
Q: Could more countries adopt Bitcoin reserves in 2025?
A: Absolutely. With rising inflation, currency instability, and technological maturity, more nations are likely to explore strategic Bitcoin accumulation—especially smaller or sanction-affected economies.
👉 See how digital asset strategies are transforming national economies today.
The global conversation around national Bitcoin reserves is no longer hypothetical—it's legislative, strategic, and accelerating. From Washington to Brasília, Warsaw to Tokyo, policymakers are asking: Can Bitcoin strengthen our financial sovereignty?
While challenges remain—including volatility, regulatory clarity, and cybersecurity—governments worldwide are beginning to treat Bitcoin not as speculative noise, but as a potential cornerstone of modern monetary policy.
As adoption grows and technology matures, one thing becomes clearer: the era of digital national treasuries may be closer than we think.
👉 Explore tools that help governments and individuals navigate the future of finance.